Indaba yokulahla udoti

Iyunithi yokulahla udoti (eyaziwa nangokuthi iyunithi yokulahlwa kukadoti, indawo yokulahla udoti, i-garburator njll.) iyithuluzi, ngokuvamile elisebenza ngogesi, elifakwa ngaphansi kukasinki wasekhishini phakathi komsele kasinki kanye nesicupho.Iyunithi yokulahlwa ihlukanisa imfucumfucu yokudla ibe yizicucu ezincane ngokwanele—ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka-2 mm (0.079 in) ububanzi—ukuze kudlule amapayipi amanzi.

Umlando

Iyunithi yokulahla udoti yasungulwa ngo-1927 nguJohn W. Hammes umdwebi wezakhiwo osebenza eRacine, eWisconsin.Wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi ngo-1933 elakhishwa ngo-1935. wasungula inkampani yakhe yabeka umlahli wakhe emakethe ngo-1940.Isimangalo sikaHammes siyaphikiswa, njengoba iGeneral Electric yethula indawo yokulahla udoti ngo-1935, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Disposal.
Emadolobheni amaningi ase-United States ngawo-1930 nawo-1940, uhlelo lukamasipala lokukhuculula indle lwalunemithetho evimbela ukufakwa kwemfucuza yokudla (udoti) ohlelweni.UJohn wasebenzisa umzamo omkhulu, futhi waphumelela kakhulu ekukholiseni izindawo eziningi ukuba zihoxise lezi zinqatshelwe.

Izindawo eziningi e-United States zakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwabalahlayo.Kwase kuyiminyaka eminingi abalahla udoti bengekho emthethweni eDolobheni laseNew York ngenxa yosongo lokucatshangelwa komonakalo esimisweni sendle saleli dolobha.Ngemva kocwaningo lwezinyanga ezingu-21 noMnyango Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo we-NYC, ukuvinjelwa kwahoxiswa ngo-1997 ngumthetho wendawo 1997/071, owachibiyela isigaba 24-518.1, Ikhodi Yokuphatha ye-NYC.

Ngo-2008, idolobha lase-Raleigh, eNyakatho ne-Carolina lazama ukuvala ukushintshwa nokufakwa kwezilahlisi zikadoti, okuphinde kwadlulela emadolobheni angaphandle ahlanganyela ngohlelo lokukhucululwa kwendle kamasipala, kodwa kwahoxisa ukuvinjelwa ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa.

Ukutholwa e-USA

E-United States, cishe amakhaya angama-50% ayenezindawo zokulahla izinto kusukela ngo-2009, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-6% kuphela e-United Kingdom kanye no-3% eCanada.

ESweden, abanye omasipala bakhuthaza ukufakwa kwezilahlisi ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas.Ezinye iziphathimandla zendawo eBrithani zixhasa ukuthengwa kwezindawo zokulahla udoti ukuze kuncishiswe inani lemfucuza eya endaweni yokulahla udoti.

Isizathu

Izinsalela zokudla zisukela ku-10% kuya ku-20% wemfucuza yasendlini, futhi iyingxenye eyinkinga yemfucuza kamasipala, edala izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi, ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye nemvelo esinyathelweni ngasinye, kuqala ngokugcinwa kwangaphakathi bese kulandelwa ukuqoqwa kwamaloli.Ukushiswa ezindaweni ezikhipha udoti ukuya ku-energy, inani eliphezulu lamanzi emfucumfucu yokudla kusho ukuthi ukushisisa nokushiswa kwazo kudla amandla amaningi kunalawo akhiqizwayo;ezigqitshwe ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, izinsalela zokudla ziyabola futhi zikhiqize igesi ye-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

Isisekelo sokusetshenziswa okufanele kwesilahlisi ukubheka ngempumelelo izinsalela zokudla njengoketshezi (isilinganiso samanzi angama-70%, njengemfucuza yabantu), kanye nokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ekhona (amapayipi endle angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile) ukuze ziphathwe.Izitshalo zamanje zamanzi angcolile zisebenza kahle ekucubunguleni izinto eziqinile zibe yimikhiqizo kamanyolo (owaziwa ngokuthi ama-biosolids), ezinezinsiza ezithuthukisiwe futhi ezithatha i-methane ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla.